网站/WordPress从虚拟主机搬家到VPS上

9,279 Replies

拖了一个月终于着手并且完成了。其实没有什么难的。但是因为我对Linux的了解非常局限，还是花了一番功夫，同时学了很多东西，在这里记一下。没有试图写一篇“手把手教你搬WP”，只是记录一些我觉得有帮助的东西，希望做同样的事情的且同样不是那么牛逼的Linux学习者们有用：）

虽说是WordPress搬家，但是任何一个小型网站搬家都差不多这样了吧，嘿嘿。

如果用cPanel和MySQLAdmin之类的东西可能就很傻瓜，但是第一cPanel太贵了（竟然要425多刀一年，我都笑了），第二VPS都买了必须必须要抓住每一个学Linux的机会啊。

过程如下（断断续续弄了好几天…）：

环境

虚拟主机和VPS都是host2ez的，最牛逼的主机提供商。系统是CentOS Linux 5.6，apache（现在改名叫httpd）已经装好了，再装

yum php mysql mysql-server

就成。

文件

这个简单，cPanel把虚拟主机上文件打包，VPS上wget下来就好。WP的独立性做的好，文件路径改变不会有什么问题。备份用的插件BackUpWordpress倒因为出问题了，不能识别路径，我直接禁用掉了，VPS嘛马上弄个备份方案还不容易，不需要用WP的插件了。在[wordpress path]/wp_config.php里把信息改一下，数据库部分的怎么改见下面。

数据库

对数据库命令不了解的同学建议先看一下mysql的教程。我不能把所有操作都写出来…这次弄这个还学了不少数据库的东西…tutorial很容易搜到，我觉得有一个比较好的命令列表点 这里，里面包括了所有常用的命令。

在虚拟主机的cPanel – mysqladmin里备份出.sql文件，传上VPS，导入文件的命令是

mysql – u user_name -p database_name < file_name.sql

很多地方写的-p后面跟密码，我用的版本-p后面不跟东西，回车以后才提示输密码，可能是新版本不提倡显式输入密码了吧。非要用的话就–password=”xxxxxx”

如果你导出文件选的是整个mysql，需要打开文件把database”information_schema”部分删掉，否则会失败，这个db貌似是mysql自己的，不能改..不懂

之后要建立一个用户并给此用户分配使用相应db的权限，虽然我们也可以直接把root用户写进wp_config.php但是稍微有点安全意识的程序员都不会想要这么做的…虽然权限没什么大不了的，但是名字叫root就是不行！ 所以进数据库：

mysql -u root -p

进去以后添加用户：

mysql> create user 'username'@'localhost' identified by 'mypass';

分配权限：

mysql> grant all privileges on databasename.* to username@localhost;
mysql> flush privileges;

然后就把这个用户甩给Wordpress啦（编辑wp_config.php）

测试的时候有一些问题

上面完了就能http进vps的ip看到博客了，但是不要去点任何东西…因为数据库里“本站”的地址还是原来的域名，这样如果你原来的网站还开着那么随便点个链接就进到原来网站了，如果没开那就can’t find page啦。

而且因为没法进后台改，所以只好进mysql改了

mysql> use viaxlcom_viaxlcom;
mysql> select * from wp_options where option_value rlike "^http";
+-----------+---------+-------------+----------------------------+----------+

| option_id | blog_id | option_name | option_value               | autoload |
+-----------+---------+-------------+----------------------------+----------+
|         2 |       0 | siteurl     | http://axlarts.com/blog      | yes      |
|        39 |       0 | home        | http://axlarts.com           | yes      |
|        41 |       0 | ping_sites  | http://rpc.pingomatic.com/ | yes      | 
+-----------+---------+-------------+----------------------------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.06 sec)
update wp_options set option_value="http://12.34.56.78/blog" where option_id=2;
update wp_options set option_value="http://12.34.56.78" where option_id=39;

这样就把VPS上的网站地址改成本身的IP了。

————————————-
另外我发现一些插件会出现权限问题，比如JW player（放flv视频用的插件），没法启用插件因为提示不能写目录，我整个www目录都是755权限，设置成777以后可以开启了，然后再弄回来。这个问题解决了但是原因一直不知道，直到我因为另一个问题搜了一下才搞明白。

另一个问题是：更新插件update的时候会提示我输入ftp帐号，以前没这事啊，于是我就去装了个vsftpd（ftp的服务端），设置好能更新了，但是为什么？后来搜到这篇文章 <Auto Update WordPress Without FTP> 解决了ftp的问题并且意识到上面的问题也和这个有关系，即因为目录的owner不是httpd，所以网站脚本没有对文件操作的权限。

/var/www目录的owner要设置成httpd的运行者（可以用ps aux或者top命令查看），可能是www，apache或者nobody或者其他的。我的是apache，所以在chown apache:apache /var/www -R之后update就不用输ftp了，我立刻关了vsftpd依然ok，可见之前是绕了弯子了，没权限还用ftp操作文件…

绑域名

进godaddy面板直接改A地址就好了，没有别的要操作的。

但是因为我本来虚拟主机上就放了两个网站，所以怎么在一个VPS上绑定多个域名多个网站？之前用cPanel是傻瓜操作，没有怎么弄？这个我也弄了好半天最终解决了，马上再写一篇单独说吧

好啦好啦，到此结束，路人有问题可以在下面留言～

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